Mid-infrared integrated electro-optic modulators: a review

Abstract Integrated mid-infrared (MIR) photonics have various applications in optical fiber communication, spectral detection and identification, free-space light ranging, etc. The MIR electro-optic (EO) modulator, which is one of the key components integrated photonic systems, has attracted a lot research interests. In this paper, we review reported EO modulators based on different modulation mechanisms material platforms. recent progresses challenges are presented discussed. unique advantages corresponding each type summarized as well. end, provide our perspectives few areas that worthy for attention future.